{"id":63728,"date":"2019-11-11T14:12:44","date_gmt":"2019-11-11T14:12:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gloptic.you2.pl\/pl\/?p=63728"},"modified":"2024-07-15T07:14:03","modified_gmt":"2024-07-15T07:14:03","slug":"weryfikacja-jakosci-oswietlenia-drogowego","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gloptic.com\/pl\/weryfikacja-jakosci-oswietlenia-drogowego\/","title":{"rendered":"Weryfikacja jako\u015bci o\u015bwietlenia drogowego przy u\u017cyciu metody rozk\u0142adu luminancji."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe use of modern LED luminaires in road lighting allows for significant energy savings and can be an opportunity to improve lighting conditions on illuminated road sections. Therefore, cities, municipalities and road managers decide to invest in modern lighting solutions.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOptimal use of the advantages of the new LED technology and ensuring proper quality of lighting will be guaranteed by appropriate project brief, proper lighting design and installation as well as, which is equally important, tools to verify the compliance of the investment with the design and assumptions.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tText by Krzysztof Wandachowicz, M.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc., Ma\u0142gorzata Zalesi\u0144ska, M.Sc., Ph.D. at Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Jacek Dylak, M.Sc., Miko\u0142aj Przyby\u0142a, M.Sc. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPractice shows that a lot of effort is made on preparing tender specifications, which are to guarantee the investor the highest quality equipment to be delivered in the investment process. However, the question whether the assumptions and the project were correct arises. Moreover, the issue of whether there were any changes affecting the lighting performance parameters implemented at the execution stage emerges. And finally, the verification of the luminaries\u2019 correspondence to the specification comes up.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOne of the methods described in the current EN 13201 standard is to measure the distribution of luminance produced on the road. This article will present guidelines for the design of road lighting, methods and instruments of measurement as well as experiences and problems related to the performance of measurements in road lighting.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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What kind of roads are illuminated and how is the quality of the road lighting verified?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe European standard EN 13201 Road Lighting provides the basis for the design and assessment of road lighting parameters. In 2014, Technical Committee 169 \u201cLight and Lighting\u201d (CEN\/TC169) of the European Commission for Standardization published the first part of the new version of the existing standard \u2013 Technical Report, containing guidelines and procedures for the selection of lighting requirements. At the end of 2015, the remaining parts of the updated version of the standard were published, including the latest \u2013 the fifth one, concerning the assessment of energy performance of road lighting installations.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Klasse<\/th>L<\/strong>mitt
\n[min.
\nEinsatz]
\n[cd\/m]<\/th>		U<\/strong>o
\n[min]<\/th>		U<\/strong>l
\n[min]<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
M1<\/td>2,00<\/td>0,40<\/td>0,70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M2<\/td>1,50<\/td>0,40<\/td>0,70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M3<\/td>1,00<\/td>0,40<\/td>0,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M4<\/td>0,75<\/td>0,40<\/td>0,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M5<\/td>0,50<\/td>0,35<\/td>0,40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M6<\/td>0,30<\/td>0,35<\/td>0,40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTabelle 1:\u00a0<\/strong>Beleuchtungsanforderungen f\u00fcr M-Klassen bei trockenen Oberfl\u00e4chen.<\/em> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe general assumptions concerning both the selection procedures and the quantitative lighting requirements in the new standard are based on the publication of the International Lighting Commission of 2010 entitled \u201cLighting of roads for motor traffic and pedestrians\u201d.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbbildung 1<\/strong>: Berechnungsfeld der Leuchtdichte: Positionen der Berechnungspunkte in der Fahrspur: Rand der Fahrspur (1), letzte Leuchte im Messfeld (2), Messfeld (3),\u00a0<\/em>Fahrspurachse (4), erste Leuchte im Messfeld (5), Beobachtungsrichtung (6), Position des Leuchtdichtemessger\u00e4ts f\u00fcr die L\u00e4ngsbeobachtung (7), Markierung der\u00a0<\/em>Messpunkte (x).<\/em> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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ERMITTLUNG DER LEUCHTDICHTE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAll parts of the new European standard were published between February and March 2016 by the Polish Committee for Standardization. They replace the previous version of the PN-EN 13201:2007 standard Road Lighting. The new PN-EN 13201:2016 standard Road Lighting consists of five parts (all published in English):\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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  • CEN\/TR 13201-1:2016-02 Road lighting \u2013 Part 1: Guidelines on selection of lighting classes<\/li>
  • EN 13201-2:2016-03 Road lighting \u2013 part 2: Performance requirements<\/li>
  • EN 13201-3:2016-03 Road lighting \u2013 part 3: Calculation of performance<\/li>
  • EN 13201-4:2016-03 Road lighting \u2013 part 4: Methods of measuring lighting performance<\/li>
  • EN 13201-5:2016-03 Road lighting \u2013 part 5: Energy performance indicators<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe basic lighting requirements for roads designated primarily for motor traffic at high and medium speeds are based on criteria related to the level and uniformity of luminance of the road itself, its direct surroundings and glare limitation. Properly designed road lighting enhances the safety of drivers and pedestrians on the road.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    • Es wird eine sehr gro\u00dfe Anzahl von Messpunkten angelegt.<\/li>
    • Die Messung von Leuchtdichteverteilungen wird zu einer schwierigen Aufgabe. Probleme, die bei der Messung der Leuchtdichte auftreten k\u00f6nnen, stehen eher nur mit der gro\u00dfen Anzahl von Messpunkten in Zusammenhang.<\/li>
    • Ein pr\u00e4zises und technisch anspruchsvolles Leuchtdichtemessger\u00e4t ist erforderlich, welches den Gesamtwinkel des Messkegels auf 2 Bogenminuten auf der vertikalen Fl\u00e4che und auf 20 Bogenminuten auf der horizontalen Fl\u00e4che begrenzen soll.<\/li>
    • Es besteht die M\u00f6glichkeit der \u00dcberlappung von Messfeldern von benachbarten Punkten.<\/li>
    • Probleme bei der genauen Ausrichtung des Beobachtungsfeldes des Messger\u00e4ts auf das Messfeld k\u00f6nnen auftreten.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      PROFESSIONELLE MESSUNG<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe luminance method used to assess the quality of road lighting applies for M class roads. M lighting class is intended for use on motorways where medium and high speeds are permitted.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      • Aufstellen des Kamerasystems an einem geeigneten Ort,<\/li>
      • Kennzeichnen des Messfeldes (einschlie\u00dflich seiner Abmessungen),<\/li>
      • einzelnes Aufnehmen der analysierten Bildoberfl\u00e4che,<\/li>
      • sowie Analysieren und Bewerten des aufgezeichneten Bildes nach der Aufnahme.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe average luminance Lav should be calculated as the arithmetic mean of the luminance of the points of the measuring field grid. The overall uniformity Uo should be calculated as the ratio of the lowest luminance at each point of the measuring field grid to the average luminance. The longitudinal uniformity Ul should be calculated as the ratio of the least luminance to the highest luminance in the longitudinal direction of the axis of each lane.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe luminance distributions shall be measured in a field which comprises two successive luminaires in the same row. The meter shall be positioned 60 m from the first luminaire (Figure 1). The measuring points shall be evenly spaced.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFig. 1: Calculation field of luminance, positions of calculation points in the lane:\n1 \u2013 lane edge, 2 \u2013 last luminaire in the measuring field, 3 \u2013 measuring field, 4 \u2013 lane axis, 5 \u2013 first luminaire in the measuring field, 6 \u2013 direction of observation, 7 \u2013 position of luminance meter for longitudinal observation, x \u2013 marking of measurement points\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe luminance meter should be at a height of 1.5 m above the road level. In the transverse direction, the meter should be positioned successively in the centre of each lane of the road. The average luminance and the overall uniformity of luminance should be measured for the whole roadway and for each position of the meter. From the driver\u2019s point of view the road area between 60 m and 160 m in front of the vehicle is important. With the driver\u2019s level of vision set at a height of 1.5 m above the road surface (or, if measured, from the measuring position), the angle between the optical axis of the measuring device and the road surface changes between 1.5\u00b0 and 0.5\u00b0. Performing measurements in this range requires a precise system which will allow changing the inclination of the meter with high resolution so as to aim the measurement field at the given measurement point located in the distance range described above.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        KONZEPT EINES BILDGEBENDEN LEUCHTDICHTEMESSSYSTEMS (ILMD)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe standard recommends that, in order to obtain a correspondence between the measured and calculated values, location of the measurement points and the observer\u2019s position should be the same as the positions used in the calculations. It is recommended that these positions are also in accordance with the requirements of EN 13201-3. The application of such requirements leads to the following problems:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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